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Digestive Enzymes, Probiotics, Vitamins, Minerals, Phytonutrients, Fatty Acids
Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM).
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Water Soluble Vitamins
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamins
Vitamin K
General description
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health of the human body,
where it plays crucial roles in blood coagulation and bone formation. There are
three major forms of vitamin K: vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone), the natural form
found in plants; vitamin K-2 (menaquinone), produced by bacteria in the
intestines; and vitamin K-3 (menadione), a synthetic form available only by
prescription. The preferred form used in multivitamin and individual
supplements is vitamin K-1. There is also a water-soluble form of vitamin K
(phytonadione) which is used in some topical formulations.
Food sources
Some of the richest dietary sources of vitamin K are seaweed and green leafy
vegetables. Other good sources include liver, cauliflower, soybeans, cheese,
egg yolk, strawberries, tomatoes, and potatoes.
Health applications
Prenatal nutrition
Bone strength
Dosage/toxicity
The reference daily intake (RDI) for vitamin K is 80 mcg/day for adults, an
amount which can easily be obtained through intake of green leafy vegetables.
While excessive consumption of synthetic vitamin K (K-3) may cause liver
damage, there are no known side effects or toxicity associated with
consumption of natural-source vitamin K (K-1 or K-2). Because vitamin K may
counteract the activity of some prescription blood-thinners (such as warfarin),
anyone taking these drugs should not supplement vitamin K without consulting
a physician.